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| 1861 |
| | | Prince Albert dies of typhoid, plunging Victoria into forty years of widowhood and deep mourning | |
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| 1861 |
| | | Hungarian physician Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis publishes his discovery that deaths from puerperal fever can be dramatically reduced by a strict hand-washing routine | |
|  | The dissecting room
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1861 |
| | | Mrs Henry Wood publishes her first novel, East Lynne, which becomes the basis of the most popular of all Victorian melodramas | |
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| 1862 |
| | | A joint French, Spanish and British force lands in Mexico and captures Veracruz, ostensibly to collect the interest on European debts | |
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| 1862 |
| | | The Monitor and the Merrimack fight all morning off the Virginia coast, in history's first clash between ironclad ships | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Julia Ward Howe publishes The Battle Hymn of the Republic, inspired by a visit to Union troops in the American Civil War | |
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| 1862 |
| | | A two-day engagement at Shiloh is the first Civil War battle to bring massive casualties, with more than 23,000 dead, wounded or missing | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Louis Pasteur uses heat to destroy the micro-organisms in liquid food, in the process that becomes known as pasteurization | |
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| 1862 |
| | | In a surprise raid, Union forces sail up the Mississippi estuary to capture New Orleans | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Victor Hugo publishes his novel Les Misérables, an immensely complex story about the adventures of ex-convict Jean Valjean | |
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